The body’s innate resistance to many pathogens is provided by enzymes and other proteins in the blood and tissue fluids. These proteins are the effectors (ie, the active agents) of humoral innate immunity, and they have features in common with one another that are also characteristics of the innate immune system as a whole. First, these proteins are continually expressed throughout life, regardless of whether or not their protective effects are needed at a given moment. Second, although many of these proteins can be produced in higher quantities in times of need, their intrinsic properties (eg, substrate specificity and ige binding affinity) never change: The characteristics of these proteins have been shaped by evolution, are genetically determined, and are fixed at birth, so that they do not vary during an individual’s lifetime. (more…)
A few of the best known humoral effectors of innate immunity are listed in Table 1 bellow, along with the types of target molec ...
Contact of pathogens with the innate immune system will most frequently occur at epithelia, and the biology of the airway epitheliu ...
Innate immune responses are seen in a very broad range of tissues. Indeed, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs, one of the most important ...
An especially elaborate and important type of innate antimicrobial enzymes defense is provided by a group of serum proteins tha ...
Other humoral effectors and humoral factors have the ability to lyse microorganisms directly. The best studied of these are a c ...
A subcommittee under the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) for the establishment of international standards (IS) agreed on guidelines in 1980-8 1. It was assumed that the collaboration and joint authority of the World Health Organization would be essential to achieve acceptance at an international level. In the following years the subcommittee selected, characterized, and produced international standards from several allergenic sources including Ambrusim artemisiifolia (short ragweed), Phleum pratense (timothy grass), the domestic mite Dermatuphagoides pterurzyssinus,Betula vernrcusa (birch), and Canis familiaris (dog). Additional standards were planned for the mold Alternaria alternuta, for the grasses Cynodon ducglun (Bermuda grass) and Lolium perenne (rye grass), Felis dumesticirs (cat), and the domestic mite Dermatuphaguides furinae, but this initiative unfortunately seems to have stopped prematurely. (more…)
Allergen vaccines are complex mixtures of antigenic components produced by the extraction of naturally occurring source materia ...
The potency of an allergen vaccine is the total allergen activity (that is, the sum of the contribution to allergenic activity from ...
Having determined an adequate potency and complexity in composition, an allergen vaccine may still be deficient in the content of m ...
The quality of an allergen vaccine is a measure of the complexity of the composition, including the concentration of the variou ...
Being an immunological disease, the characteristics of allergy are those of specificity and memory. Regardless of whether the c ...
The production of allergen vaccines imposes a number of constraints on both the selection of source materials and the physicochemical conditions used during the extraction procedure. The process must neither denature the proteins (allergens) nor alter their composition significantly, including the quantitative ratio between the individual components. (more…)
Allergen vaccines are complex mixtures of antigenic components produced by the extraction of naturally occurring source materia ...
Being an immunological disease, the characteristics of allergy are those of specificity and memory. Regardless of whether the c ...
The potency of an allergen vaccine is the total allergen activity (that is, the sum of the contribution to allergenic activity from ...
The quality of an allergen vaccine is a measure of the complexity of the composition, including the concentration of the variou ...
Having determined an adequate potency and complexity in composition, an allergen vaccine may still be deficient in the content of m ...
Egg allergy is likely more of interest to parents, parents who have children that must be vaccinated. This concern is because many vaccines are made from chicken eggs. It is common that many people are having allergies or reactions to vaccines that are made by egg. There are some symptoms or reaction can cause redness around the vaccination site like a skin rash. (more…)
Although most forms of allergy causes uncomfortable situations, an extreme allergic reaction to an allergen can eventually lead to ...
One of the popular allergy testing besides food allergy testing is skin allergy testing. Allergy patch test is the most commo ...
Looking good can be hazardous to your health. There are certain cosmetic products such as makeup, skin cleansers, soap, moisturizer ...
Over the last 5 years some studies have suggested that the atopy patch test (APT) may be a useful test in atopic dermatitis childre ...
Allergy skin testing is probably the most susceptible and practical way to monitor for existing allergy sensitivity. Biological ...