A subcommittee under the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) for the establishment of international standards (IS) agreed on guidelines in 1980-8 1. It was assumed that the collaboration and joint authority of the World Health Organization would be essential to achieve acceptance at an international level. In the following years the subcommittee selected, characterized, and produced international standards from several allergenic sources including Ambrusim artemisiifolia (short ragweed), Phleum pratense (timothy grass), the domestic mite Dermatuphagoides pterurzyssinus,Betula vernrcusa (birch), and Canis familiaris (dog). Additional standards were planned for the mold Alternaria alternuta, for the grasses Cynodon ducglun (Bermuda grass) and Lolium perenne (rye grass), Felis dumesticirs (cat), and the domestic mite Dermatuphaguides furinae, but this initiative unfortunately seems to have stopped prematurely. (more…)
Allergen vaccines are complex mixtures of antigenic components produced by the extraction of naturally occurring source materia ...
The potency of an allergen vaccine is the total allergen activity (that is, the sum of the contribution to allergenic activity from ...
Having determined an adequate potency and complexity in composition, an allergen vaccine may still be deficient in the content of m ...
The quality of an allergen vaccine is a measure of the complexity of the composition, including the concentration of the variou ...
Being an immunological disease, the characteristics of allergy are those of specificity and memory. Regardless of whether the c ...
Exotoxins are noxious proteins secreted by many bacteria. These toxins are often heat-labile and thus can be heat-inactivated for use as vaccines to prevent toxigenic immunity to bacteria disease. Many bacteria produce more than one protein exotoxin, making vaccine development more difficult. (more…)
The final stage of the disease process (although it may not be the final stage of the infection) is the actual production of di ...
One especially favored target for immune recognition is bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This macromolecule is found only in ...
Exotoxins are secreted products, usually of bacteria but sometimes protozoa and fungi. They can act in a number of ways: • ...
Bacteria cause allergic disease because of toxicity, invasiveness, immunopathology, or lends of these three mechanisms. Thus much ...
Antibodies which are also known as immunoglobulin are found in our blood and other bodily fluids. Antibodies are used as a mechan ...