Human body treated all of the food that we ate, either plants or animals, as foreign substances. It is body immune system’s function to protect us from foreign material’s intrusion which may causes harmful to us. Then why does our immune system not oppose and refuse foreign materials that we consume as food?”
Naturally, if our body totally reject those foods which get into our body, we could not survive! Then, what is it that allows for food to plainly evade the roadblock of immune cells and be taken up into our bodies? In the final process, food become an integral part of our tissues and organs, and then be used as fuel for essential body processes. Research has begun to reveal part of the answer to this important issue in our body complex immune system question: the complex series of events known as oral tolerance. (more…)

Allergen vaccines are complex mixtures of antigenic components produced by the extraction of naturally occurring source materials, which are known to vary considerably in composition. Without intervention, this variation will be reflected in the final products.
The purpose of standardization is to minimize both qualitative and quantitative variations in composition so that a higher level of safety, efficacy, accuracy, and simplicity in allergy diagnosis and allergy vaccination may be obtained. Standardization of allergen vaccines can never be absolute, but it can be improved progressively as new methodologies and technologies are developed and the understanding of the properties of the allergens and the immune responses of allergic patients is increased. (more…)
Cells participating in the cellular immune response are organized into discrete associated lymphoid tissues and organs which are spread through the connective tissues of non lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte cell are responsible for the specificity of the cellular immune response. Approximately 2 x 1012 lymphocytes constitute the mature lymphoid system in humans together with a variety of ‘accessory’ cells which include epithelial cells, monocyte or macrophages cells and other antigen-presenting cells. Accessory cells are neede both for the maturation and for the effector cells functions of lymphocytes. (more…)
Bacteria cause allergic disease because of toxicity, invasiveness, immunopathology, or lends of these three mechanisms. Thus much of the interaction between a given bacterial species and the cellular immune response can be predicted by considering the immunological mechanisms available in relation to the mechanism of pathogenicity, and the structure of the bacterium. For a toxigenic bacterium, neutralizing antigen & antibody may be all that is needed. Otherwise destruction of the organism itself may be required. (more…)