The response to injury usually begins with dilatation of small blood vessels in and around the injured site (figure bellow). This response (called vasodilatation) results from relaxation of smooth muscle in the vascular walls. It can begin within seconds after an acute injury or develop over hours or days of low-grade irritation or infection. Vasodilatation initially results in increased blood flow through arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the affected region, leading to redness (erythema) and warmth. As the vessels dilate, endothelial cells lining some of the vessels actively retract away from one another to create temporary, microscopic gaps in the endothelial lining. Endothelial retraction occurs only in the smallest venules (often called postcapillary venules), which are thin-walled vessels with lumenal diameters of 20 - 60 µm. (more…)
Some of the immediate sequelae of injury are uncomfortably familiar: Soon after an injury occurs, the affected site and its sur ...
Acute inflammatory response constitute the first line of defense against infection pathogenesis and how immune system works as ...
Once it is tethered onto the venule wall, the neutrophil or other leukocyte comes into contact with a wide variety of inflammatory ...
Neutrophils make up an army of more-or-less identical circulating phagocytes that are poised to respond quickly and in vast numbers ...
The airway circulation has many potential roles in asthma. The vasculature has a major influence on upper airway patency in nasal i ...
Acute phase proteins are plasma proteins, the synthesis and the circulating concentrations of which are adaptively regulated in response to most forms of acute inflammation, infection and tissue injury. The name arises from the fact that the first such protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), was originally discovered in serum sickness of patients in the acute phase of pneumococcal pneumonia. (more…)
There is considerable diversity among acute phase proteins with respect to the concentrations attained, their structures, and their ...
Acute phase proteins and the acute phase response in general arc stably conserved in evolution and are universal within each specie ...
Most acute phase proteins are synthesized in the liver, although the genes for some are also expressed in cells and tissues els ...
With the exception of complement protein C3, most soluble mediators of innate immunity are found in relatively small amounts in ...
Some of the immediate sequelae of injury are uncomfortably familiar: Soon after an injury occurs, the affected site and its sur ...
There is considerable diversity among acute phase proteins with respect to the concentrations attained, their structures, and their behaviour in different species and in different diseases. The concentration of a plasma protein depends on the balance between its secretion rate and its clearance rate. The availability of the protein for a particular function is the important factor in physiological and pathophysiological situations, rather than simply its serum Concentration measured ex vivo. Increased availability can exist by virtue of increased production and yet be disguised by increased utilization or clearance so that plasma levels are normal or even decreased. Definition of acute phase proteins solely on the behaviour of their plasma levels, while easy and convenient, is thus superficial and clearly misses important patterns of metabolic regulation of plasma proteins. (more…)
Most acute phase proteins are synthesized in the liver, although the genes for some are also expressed in cells and tissues els ...
Acute phase proteins and the acute phase response in general arc stably conserved in evolution and are universal within each specie ...
Acute phase proteins are plasma proteins, the synthesis and the circulating concentrations of which are adaptively regulated in res ...
With the exception of complement protein C3, most soluble mediators of innate immunity are found in relatively small amounts in ...
Once it is tethered onto the venule wall, the neutrophil or other leukocyte comes into contact with a wide variety of inflammatory ...
Exacerbations of asthma are frequently associated with rhinoviral infection. Rhinoviruses infect respiratory epithelial cells, where they replicate. The presence of viral nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and the production of new virions provoke an innate immune system response, leading to destruction of infected cells through the rapid induction of apoptosis. The lower airways of asthmatic individuals are more susceptible than those of healthy individuals to infection with rhinoviruses, although the basis of this difference has not been understood previously. Using epithelial cells cultured from bronchial brush biopsies of healthy and asthmatic volunteers, rhinovirus 16 (RV16) was found to replicate more rapidly in asthmatic epithelial cells in vitro. (more…)
Eosinophil infiltration of the mucosa is a feature of asthmatic airways. Their adhesion to bronchial epithelial cells has been ...
Local micro environmental factors are crucial in determining both susceptibility to vascular remodeling and the extent of angio ...
Contact of pathogens with the innate immune system will most frequently occur at epithelia, and the biology of the airway epitheliu ...
Measles virus is a highly infectious viral disease characterized by a sore throat and a blotchy red rash that starts on the fac ...
While our primary concern is the impact that the innate immune system has on allergic disease, it is essential to recognize that al ...
Many children are living with asthma. Asthma is a lung disease because the constriction of small airways (bronchioles). When this happens, there is moderate to severe difficulty in breathing came with by wheezing. Even though wheezing is not always heard but most of the time it is always present. (more…)
After long-term avoidance of the offending foods, many children outgrow their food allergies. Subsequent periodic challenge wit ...
Having a food intolerance test is becoming increasingly popular nowadays. This is because the symptoms of indigestion, stomach ...
Childhood is the period of life when allergies to food are most prevalent. Food allergy is much more common in babies and young ...
If you suspect that certain foods trigger wheezing or asthma symptoms in your child, your first action should be a consultation ...
The food eating challenges materials used at different centers vary considerably. Some centers use freeze-dried foods, some use con ...
Sulfur Dioxide
The effects of SO2 have been extensively reviewed. Total emergency room visits for respiratory problems and increased hospital admission rates have been linked with increased ambient exposure to SO2. In children, decreased lung function has been linked to increases in ambient sulfur dioxide levels and the likelihood (more…)
Recent data show that monitoring of exposure to acid aerosols is widespread in North America, the associations in a joint statement ...
The geographical variation in the prevalence of asthma in children does not coincide with variations in air pollution levels. The i ...
Environmental pollution not only makes asthma worse we are, but could make asthma inhalers were less effective. It is the conclu ...
The Misery Of Allergies As a young boy I was one of the kids who had to stay indoors to avoid the misery that came with snee ...
The two strongest risk factors for asthma in childhood are a family history and immediate hypersensitivity to common allergens. ...