More severe asthma can persist from childhood into adulthood without remission. Another important tendency in the natural history is for symptoms to remit in adolescence only to return again in adulthood. In general, the amount of wheezing in early adolescence seems to be a guide for severity in early adult years, with 73% of those with few symptoms at age 14 years continuing to have little or no asthma progression at age 28 years. Similarly 68% of those with frequent wheezing at 14 years still suffered from recurrent asthma at age 28 years. Most subjects with frequent wheezing at 21 years continued to have comparable asthma at 28 years. In addition to the importance of symptoms in childhood, childhood degree of bronchial responsiveness in combination with a low FEV-1 were also related to the outcome of asthma in adulthood. (more…)
In the Tucson CRS study, about 50% of young children experienced a period of recurrent wheezing and/or coughing in the first 6 ...
Exposure and allergic sensitization to cockroach was associated with a significantly greater risk of asthma hospitalization and ...
With the help of well-trained and experienced pulmonary function technicians, children as young as 4 to 5 years of age should b ...
Asthma is a complex syndrome rather than a single disease entity. Different phenotypes with varying prognosis and determinants have ...
It is clear from the results of large epidemiologic studies that while atopy is a major risk factor for asthma, it is usually n ...
The response to injury usually begins with dilatation of small blood vessels in and around the injured site (figure bellow). This response (called vasodilatation) results from relaxation of smooth muscle in the vascular walls. It can begin within seconds after an acute injury or develop over hours or days of low-grade irritation or infection. Vasodilatation initially results in increased blood flow through arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the affected region, leading to redness (erythema) and warmth. As the vessels dilate, endothelial cells lining some of the vessels actively retract away from one another to create temporary, microscopic gaps in the endothelial lining. Endothelial retraction occurs only in the smallest venules (often called postcapillary venules), which are thin-walled vessels with lumenal diameters of 20 - 60 µm. (more…)
Some of the immediate sequelae of injury are uncomfortably familiar: Soon after an injury occurs, the affected site and its sur ...
Acute inflammatory response constitute the first line of defense against infection pathogenesis and how immune system works as ...
Once it is tethered onto the venule wall, the neutrophil or other leukocyte comes into contact with a wide variety of inflammatory ...
Neutrophils make up an army of more-or-less identical circulating phagocytes that are poised to respond quickly and in vast numbers ...
The airway circulation has many potential roles in asthma. The vasculature has a major influence on upper airway patency in nasal i ...
Normally present at very low levels in plasma, antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) isotype were first discovered in 1967, decades after the description of IgA, IgG, and IM. IgE antibodies are produced primarily by plasma cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue and their levels are uniformly elevated in patients suffering from atopic conditions like allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Production of allergen-specific IgE in atopic individuals is driven both by a genetic predisposition to the synthesis of this isotype as well as by environmental factors, including chronic allergen exposure. (more…)
The precise mechanisms underlying the effects of Specific Immunotherapy are not well understood but several studies have shown ...
Our current knowledge for trigger factor and food allergy intolerance is still in it infancy level. We already known that the aller ...
Treatment with omalizumab has been shown to reduce serum free IgE concentrations and to have beneficial effects on allergic airway ...
A paradigm of immune development underlies allergy development and progression in early childhood. Briefly, the immune system o ...
IgE plays an important role in allergic asthma. Reducing IgE in the airway mucosa should reduce airway inflammation. Omalizumab has ...
IgE plays an important role in allergic asthma. Reducing IgE in the airway mucosa should reduce airway inflammation. Omalizumab has significant anti-inflammatory effect and reduces serum and airway IgE, but IgE or eosinophils may not be causally linked to airway bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mild to moderate asthma. (more…)
Treatment with omalizumab has been shown to reduce serum free IgE concentrations and to have beneficial effects on allergic airway ...
Anti-IgE therapy could be particularly beneficial for patients with concomitant asthma and rhinitis as it targets a common fact ...
Patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2002 step 4 ther ...
Tumour Necrosis Factor is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthmatic airway inflammation, hyper-react ...
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) is a major therapeutic target in a range of chronic inflammatory disorders involving neutr ...
The effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children have been extensively studied and numerous surveys have consistently reported an association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory diseases or respiratory allergies. Strong evidence exists that passive smoking increases the risk of lower respiratory tract illnesses such as bronchitis, wheezy bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. (more…)
This study sought to determine the influence of passive exposure to tobacco smoke during childhood on the results of genetic linkag ...
Avoidance of any one of the individual risk factors associated with childhood asthma has not been successful in preventing its deve ...
Children in the early of their life is prone to allergy because their body immune system is not developed completely. As a matter o ...
CD14 is part of the receptor complex for endotoxin, which is a component of tobacco smoke. The CD14 gene is located on chromoso ...
Asthma is a complex syndrome rather than a single disease entity. Different phenotypes with varying prognosis and determinants have ...
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin which usually starts in infancy. It is sometimes called ‘atopic eczema’ or even simply ‘eczema’. Recently, the term ‘atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome’ or eczema symptoms or infantile eczema has also been proposed to indicate the varied nature of this disease. The diagnosis is based on clinical features of a chronic itchy dermatitis with typical morphology and distribution and a relapsing and remitting course. (more…)
Atopic Dermatitis is a chronic relapsing skin disease. Several investigations concerning the long-term prognosis of Atopic Derm ...
Atopic Dermatitis is considered to be one of the first manifestations in the atopic march. The aim of this study was to investi ...
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis is increasing in Western societies. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that this is due to red ...
The pharmacokinetics of pimecrolimus cream 1% and tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in adults with extensive, moderate to severe atopic ...
Topical corticosteroids are the usual therapy for patients with atopic dermatitis, but prolonged use can result in skin atrophy ...
According to the National Survey of Children in the United States, the prevalence of asthma was 15% (last 12 months), that of hay fever was 12.4%, of skin allergy 9.8% and digestive/ food allergy 3.6%. Overall, every fourth child is affected (25.4%). Regarding the diagnosis of asthma in children, the prevalence, for instance in Germany, rose from 1.25% to 2.21% between 1951–1952 and 1964–1965. For the last 10 years there has been dispute about whether the increase in asthma and allergy has come to a halt. However, the observation period is too short to draw any conclusion. A study of adults went beyond this simple dispute and investigated age and cohort effects for immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization from 1992 to 1998–2002. (more…)
Epidemiological studies of farm children are of international interest because farm children are less often atopic disorders, h ...
During recent decades there has been extensive epidemiological research to explore the increasing prevalence of asthma and alle ...
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis is increasing in Western societies. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that this is due to red ...
A general pattern of factors influencing development of asthma seems to be emerging, including family allergy history/ asthma g ...
Atopic Dermatitis is considered to be one of the first manifestations in the atopic march. The aim of this study was to investi ...
Allergy skin testing is probably the most susceptible and practical way to monitor for existing allergy sensitivity. Biological extracts of aeroallergens such as trees, dust mites, weeds, cockroaches, molds, and animal danders are offered for allergy testing. The most common and approved way to test is by putting a drop of antigen on the surface area of the patient’s skin and scratching or skin prick test with a lancet or sharp object. The most essential ancillary test to confirm the diagnosis of allergy is the skin test, which is the gold standard in this respect. The skin test final results must be viewed in light of the history to decide the importance of a positive test. (more…)
One of the popular allergy testing besides food allergy testing is skin allergy testing. Allergy patch test is the most commo ...
If allergies are making your life miserable then you need to work with a professional to determine the cause of your symptoms a ...
The diagnostic approach to allergic food reactions comprises three steps. The first step includes the medical allergy history, ...
This study compared the diagnostic value of intradermal tests and patch tests in 20 patients with non-immediate reactions to pe ...
Having a food intolerance test is becoming increasingly popular nowadays. This is because the symptoms of indigestion, stomach ...
Classification of bronchial asthma can be based on age, etiology, associated characteristics, or severity. Classifications based on severity have been primarily designed as an approach to asthma treatment. Thus, management of mild intermittent disease may require only bronchodilator treatment, but frequent attacks with or without persistent mild symptoms require a comprehensive approach to controlling inflammation as well as bronchodilator treatment. Severe asthma can become a major clinical problem that requires specialist care and many different approaches to asthma attack treatment. (more…)
Allergic rhinitis is a high-prevalence disease. This high prevalence translates into a high cost to society in terms of overall ...
The two strongest risk factors for asthma in childhood are a family history and immediate hypersensitivity to common allergens. ...
If you have sinusitis, one of the displeasing aspects of sinusitis is dizziness condition that comes with it. Symptoms of sin ...
Asthma is a continuing problem for healthcare, particularly in the industrialized world. Some 150 million people are estimated ...
Treatment of allergic diseases in childhood presents unique challenges, as both the beneficial effects and the detrimenta ...
During recent decades there has been extensive epidemiological research to explore the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy in childhood. The worldwide variations in the prevalence of these diseases necessitate regional rapport. Furthermore, time-trend analyses with comparable methods are important in order to monitor the rapidly changing prevalence of these atopic diseases. Three cross sectional questionnaire-based studies of asthma and allergy in school children were conducted in the counties of Troms and Finnmark in northern Norway in 1985, 1995 and 2000. (more…)
There have been concurrent increases in the prevalence of obesity and asthma in recent years in New Zealand and other countries ...
Atopic Dermatitis is a chronic relapsing skin disease. Several investigations concerning the long-term prognosis of Atopic Derm ...
The geographical variation in the prevalence of asthma in children does not coincide with variations in air pollution levels. The i ...
Asthma is a complex syndrome rather than a single disease entity. Different phenotypes with varying prognosis and determinants have ...
A general pattern of factors influencing development of asthma seems to be emerging, including family allergy history/ asthma g ...