Antibodies which are also known as immunoglobulin are found in our blood and other bodily fluids. Antibodies are used as a mechanism by natural immune system to identify, counteract, and neutralize foreign objects which are entered our body. B Cells is the first cell reacted when foreign objects entered our body and triggered the first alarming mode of immune system. It then try to recognize it and subsequently will proceed in the antibody production. There are five different types of antibody produced: IgA, IgG,IgM, IgE and IgD. Bellow we will discuss B Cells in antibody production process and three of the most prominent antibodies: IgA, IgM, and IgG.
B Cells in Antibody Production Process
B cells main function is in the process of antibody production. As you probably know, antibodies are complex structured molecules as result of body immune systems in response to antigens which are entered our body. Antigens are foreign subtracted objects which are mainly consisted of proteins or sugar linked to protein. This proteins is activated body cellular immune response.
Proteins are produces by every living cell, whereas its always unique based on its own cell type and species Antibody production which is against the antigen is exclusively specific to particular antigen. The two fit together like a lock and key, forming an antigen antibody complex relationship. Whenever our body is intruded by bacterium or virus, B cells will proceed in an antibody production. The antibody produces are precisely designed to match with molecules of that specific microorganism. The molecules of the microorganism that activate that response are antigens. Likewise, if a trigger like pollen or a food causes B cells to cause an antibody production in the allergic response, the molecules of the pollen or food causing antibody production are antigens.
The term Antigens and allergen are sometimes exchangeable. When we talk about allergy, we call the antigens allergens. In the process of making antibodies, B cells first convert into plasma cells. The antibody is then generated from plasma cells.
The antibodies produced by B cells are of five different isotypes, or classes, called IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, and IgD. The prefix “Ig” stands for immunoglobulin. Each antibody molecule is made up of a special protein called a globulin. Because the globulin is associated with the immune system, the prefix “immuno” then is attached to it. Each antibodies has a very specific role in immune protection different biological properties, functional locations ant the ability to dealt with different types of antigens.
IgA Antibody
IgA is found mainly in mucous secretions, or a secretions from surfaces exposed to the outside world through orifices such as respiratory tract, the mouth, vagina, etc. IgA antibody is called secretory IgA (sIgA) to differentiate it from the IgA found in blood , which are usually called serum IgA. sIgA acts as the first line of defense against foreign molecules entering through external orifices, before they can enter the bloodstream. sIgA is highly important in protecting digestive tract of the infant baby against anything coming in through its mouth. Nevertheless, this newborn baby has no sIgA of its own, and its early digestive tract protection comes entirely from its mother’s colostrum—the first fluid that passes through the breast before mature milk is produced—which contains an abundant supply of sIgA.
IgM Antibody
IgM is the largest of the antibodies and is found circulating in blood. It acts by seeking out antigens and attaching them to an end of one or more of its five “arms.” It has ten attachment sites (two per arm) and can mop up many antigens at a time. IgM is the first line of defense against a foreign molecule when it reaches the blood stream. As we shall see later, IgMis the first protective antibody to be produced by the fetus in the womb (in utero).
The most prominent antibodies found circulating in our blood is IgM Antibody. It behaves by seeking out antigens and binding them to an end of one or more of its 5 “arms.” It has ten attachment sites (two per arm) and can clear up many antigens at a time. IgM is the first line of defense against a foreign molecule when it reaches the blood stream.
IgG Antibody
IgG antibody is the most important antibody in the immune system’s defense against invading disease-causing microorganisms. It is found in the bloodstream after the first-line IgM has started to mop up the invader. Effectively, B cells first develop IgM and then exchange to IgG once it has been accomplished that the invader is a real threat to the body. Yet after the disease has been suppressed, IgG continues to ensure that the same microorganism is “neu- tralized” when it enters the body on a subsequent occasion. IgG is the resident guardian that looks for a known dangerous invader that can cause the same infection again. This same process occurs when you receive an active immunization.
