Cells participating in the cellular immune response are organized into discrete associated lymphoid tissues and organs which are spread through the connective tissues of non lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte cell are responsible for the specificity of the cellular immune response. Approximately 2 x 1012 lymphocytes constitute the mature lymphoid system in humans together with a variety of ‘accessory’ cells which include epithelial cells, monocyte or macrophages cells and other antigen-presenting cells. Accessory cells are neede both for the maturation and for the effector cells functions of lymphocytes. (more…)

Bacteria cause disease because of toxicity, invasiveness, immunopathology, or lends of these three mechanisms. Thus much of the interaction between a given bacterial species and the cellular immune response can be predicted by considering the immunological mechanisms available in relation to the mechanism of pathogenicity, and the structure of the bacterium. For a toxigenic bacterium, neutralizing antibody may be all that is needed. Otherwise destruction of the organism itself may be required. (more…)

Do you have occupational asthma or the condition where your asthma is triggered or even worsen when you are in your office or job? You are not alone in this situation. More than 10 million workers are exposed to allergens agents in their work environment, based on data from the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Occupational asthma or work asthma or workplace asthma related to job/work is about 15 % from all kind of asthma altogether. Are you one of them? (more…)